IoT-driven automation systems for hydroponic agriculture

The paper develops an analysis in terms of the transformational impacts of IoT-driven automation systems in hydroponic agriculture. Sensors, actuators, and data analytics through IoT enable the creation of smart responsive environments for hydroponic systems. IoT automation enables real-time monitoring and control of variables relating to nutrient levels, pH, temperature, and humidity for optimally maximized growth and resource utilization. The architectural framework of IoT systems in hydroponics is explained with regard to sensor deployment for real-time data, as well as utilization of machine learning algorithms for predictive analytics, in addition to case studies illustrating improved yields, reduction in water and nutrient utilization, and lower operational cost. And finally, the chapter will conclude with insights into future trends, which include further advancements in AI and robotics, leading to further innovations in automated hydroponic farming systems.