An AI-Blockchain Framework for Secure and Interoperable Healthcare Data Exchange

Reliable and interoperable healthcare data sharing remains challenging due to disjointed systems, insufficient trust, and strict regulatory standards such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Traditional centralized methods often fail to ensure compliance and efficiency in diverse healthcare environments. This study proposes an integrated artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain framework to address these issues. AI enables intelligent data preprocessing, predictive analytics, natural language processing (NLP)-based harmonization, and anomaly detection, while blockchain ensures decentralized, immutable record-keeping with smart contracts for automated approval management. The framework introduces an interoperability layer that supports standards-based sharing of electronic medical records across platforms. Experimental evaluation under a simulated environment indicates improved system performance, with reduced transaction delays and throughput of approximately 50–150 transactions per second (TPS) depending on workload conditions. Cross-platform compatibility achieves over 95% success rate, NLP harmonization attains an F1-score of 0.93, and anomaly detection mitigates more than 95% of simulated security incidents. These results demonstrate the potential of the proposed framework to enhance privacy, compliance, and trust compared to standalone blockchain-only and AI-only approaches, highlighting the benefits of AI-enhanced smart contracts and a unified interoperability interface.