Giant Trevally Optimizer (GTO): Enhancing HVDC Transmission Capacity with Optimized Fault Current Limiters and HVDC Circuit Breaker Parameters

The multi-terminal HVDC system relies heavily on circuit breakers (CBs) and fault current limiters (FCLs) for protection and performance reliability. This research describes a new Giant Trevally optimizer-based strategy for improving the performance of 4-terminal HVDC systems by optimizing crucial circuit breakers and fault current limiters. The proposed method uses time domain estimation to correctly capture fault dynamics, such as traveling waves and reflection coefficients and finds the worst-case fault locations. The multi-objective optimization seeks to optimize the overcurrent, overvoltage handling, fault clearance time, and energy absorption in arresters. This technology provides an effective, dependable protection solution that reduces fault recovery time and increases system stability. The output pulse of the HVDC system shows very low THD results 1.98% for the minimum load condition, 0.87% for median load, and 0.04% for peak load conditions. The results established the simulation of the model in a MATLAB environment.