High-Speed Fiber-Optic Communication Performance Utilizing Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Dispersion Compensation Schemes

Chromatic dispersion is a significant limitation in optical fiber communication, as it causes pulse broadening, which negatively impacts transmission distance and data rates, both of which are critical for meeting the high-speed demands of 5G optical networks. This study focuses on addressing chromatic dispersion in Standard Single-Mode Fiber (SSMF) systems, which are widely deployed in 5G fronthaul and access networks. A comprehensive investigation is conducted using Gaussian-apodized linear chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) for dispersion compensation, implemented across three strategic configurations: pre-compensation, post-compensation, and symmetrical compensation. Each scheme is systematically evaluated to determine the most effective approach for enhancing signal integrity and overall network performance. Simulations are performed using OptiSystem 7.0 on a 10 Gbps SSMF-based optical system, with transmission distances ranging from 10 km to 80 km under controlled simulation parameters. Key performance metrics, including Quality factor (Q-factor), Bit Error Rate (BER), and eye height, are analyzed by varying SSMF length, input power, and bit rate. The results demonstrate that symmetrical compensation using Gaussian-apodized linear chirped FBGs provides the best performance, achieving a Q-factor of 12.3938, an ultra-low BER of 1.12336×10-35, and a significantly improved eye height at 80 km. These findings establish the symmetrical compensation scheme employing Apodized Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings (ACFBGs) as the most effective and scalable solution for high-speed, long-distance optical transmission in 5G networks. This approach enables key 5G applications, including ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and smart infrastructure in smart cities. The proposed technique offers multiple advantages, such as low BER, high Q-factor, reduced signal distortion through sidelobe suppression, energy efficiency via passive operation, and design flexibility for long-haul network integration.