Innovative Thermoelectric Generator for Sustainable Energy Harvesting

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are solid-state devices that convert waste heat into electrical energy using the Seebeck effect. This paper presents a TEG system's design, fabrication, and performance evaluation to recover waste heat for various applications. The system utilizes thermoelectric modules to generate electrical energy from temperature gradients. Experimental results show that the TEG can produce a maximum voltage under a temperature gradient of the hot side and cold side. TEGs convert waste heat directly into electricity using thermoelectric materials, offering a sustainable and maintenance-free energy solution. Recent advancements in material efficiency have improved the figure of merit (ZT), enabling TEGs to power both small devices and larger industrial systems. Their ability to operate without moving parts makes them ideal for low-cost, reliable power generation. TEGs are mainly used to enhance energy efficiency and sustainability in applications ranging from wearable electronics to large-scale waste heat recovery and renewable energy systems.