Optimized Adaptive Lifting-based Discrete Sine Transform Design for Efficient Image and Video Compression and Improved Performance in VLSI Circuits

Modern multimedia processing systems, operating within the strict limitations of power, area, and throughput, necessitate energy-efficient transform computation. This research introduces an architecture for the adaptive Discrete Sine Transform–Type II (DST-II) that has been optimized and utilizes a lifting-based factorization with no multipliers and just shift–add. With the proposed design, the silicon area would be minimized by 32%, dynamic power by 38%, and throughput would be improved 1.5 times compared to traditional DST-II implementations that are based on multipliers. Moreover, a local variance and energy-driven mechanism for adaptive coefficient tuning boosts compression and reconstruction quality, thus providing an average Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) increase of 1.8 dB and 12% lower mean squared error, a 10% improvement in reconstruction stability across frames, and a 13% enhancement in transform-domain energy compaction for image and video datasets. A pipelined, modular architecture not only guarantees scalability for larger block sizes but also facilitates real-time operation. The obtained results indicate that with the implementation of the Optimized Adaptive Lifting-based DST-II (OAL-DST II), a solution of high fidelity and low hardware cost has been obtained, which is suitable for multimedia applications that are either embedded or portable.