Corrosion Behaviour and Surface Modification Strategies of Stainless Steel Biomaterials: A Comprehensive Review

The people of all ages are changing the way they live as technology advances, while younger people are experiencing more bone injuries from activity and accidents, seniors are still more prone to broken bones and joint issues. Biomaterials, which are natural or created materials such as titanium, nickel, cobalt, and stainless steel alloys, are used to repair damaged body parts. Stainless steel is a frequently utilized biomaterial due to its ready availability, reasonable price, and ease of shaping. However, it is susceptible to corrosion, suffers from wear, and doesn’t always interact well with the body; furthermore, its properties are considerably altered by the conditions within a human being. Corrosion is particularly dangerous for stainless steel biomaterials, as it releases harmful materials which could damage health and cause numerous serious complications. This analysis offers a thorough evaluation of how stainless steel biomaterials corrode, the specific difficulties with various stainless steel types, and methods to alter the surface of steel to improve durability, corrosion protection, compatibility with the body and how long an implant will last.